绘图工具Matplotlib
Markers
Marker Reference
| Marker | Description |
|---|---|
| 'o' | Circle |
| '*' | Star |
| '.' | Point |
| ',' | Pixel |
| 'x' | X |
| 'X' | X (filled) |
| '+' | Plus |
| 'P' | Plus (filled) |
| 's' | Square |
| 'D' | Diamond |
| 'd' | Diamond (thin) |
| 'p' | Pentagon |
| 'H' | Hexagon |
| 'h' | Hexagon |
| 'v' | Triangle Down |
| '^' | Triangle Up |
| '<' | Triangle Left |
| '>' | Triangle Right |
| '1' | Tri Down |
| '2' | Tri Up |
| '3' | Tri Left |
| '4' | Tri Right |
| '|' | Vline |
| '_' | Hline |
Line Reference
| Line Syntax | Description |
|---|---|
| '-' | Solid line |
| ':' | Dotted line |
| '--' | Dashed line |
| '-.' | Dashed/dotted line |
Color Reference
| Color Syntax | Description |
|---|---|
| 'r' | Red |
| 'g' | Green |
| 'b' | Blue |
| 'c' | Cyan |
| 'm' | Magenta |
| 'y' | Yellow |
| 'k' | Black |
| 'w' | White |
Format Strings fmt
note: This argument cannot be passed as keyword.
fmt = '[marker] [line] [color]'
Marker Size
markersize or ms
Marker Color
markeredgecolor or mec
markerfacecolor or mfc
Line
Line Styles
linestyle or ls
| Style | Or |
|---|---|
| 'solid' (default) | '-' |
| 'dotted' | ':' |
| 'dashed' | '--' |
| 'dashdot' | '-.' |
| 'None' | '' or ' ' |
Line Color
color or c
Line Width
linewidth or lw
Labels
font1 = {'family':'serif','color':'blue','size':20}
font2 = {'family':'serif','color':'darkred','size':15}
plt.title("Sports Watch Data", fontdict = font1)
plt.xlabel("Average Pulse", fontdict = font2)
plt.ylabel("Calorie Burnage", fontdict = font2)
Grid
Display only grid lines for the x-axis:
plt.grid(axis = 'x')
Display only grid lines for the y-axis:
plt.grid(axis = 'y')
Set the line properties of the grid:
plt.grid(color = 'green', linestyle = '--', linewidth = 0.5)
Subplot
The subplot() function takes three arguments that describes the layout of the figure.
The layout is organized in rows and columns, which are represented by the first and second argument.
The third argument represents the index of the current plot.
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
# the figure has 1 row, 2 columns, and this plot is the first plot.
plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
# the figure has 1 row, 2 columns, and this plot is the second plot.
- You can add a title to each plot with the title() function.
- You can add a title to the entire figure with the suptitle() function.
Scatter
ColorMap
The Matplotlib module has a number of available colormaps.
A colormap is like a list of colors, where each color has a value that ranges from 0 to 100.
Available ColorMaps
Choosing Colormaps in Matplotlib
Size
You can change the size of the dots with the s argument.
Alpha
You can adjust the transparency of the dots with the alpha argument.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np.random.randint(100, size=(100))
y = np.random.randint(100, size=(100))
colors = np.random.randint(100, size=(100))
sizes = 10 * np.random.randint(100, size=(100))
plt.scatter(x, y, c=colors, s=sizes, alpha=0.5, cmap='nipy_spectral')
plt.colorbar()
plt.show()